Undergoing Maintenance

✕
OUR APPROACH
ABOUT
PREPARE
TEACH
PARTNER WITH US
CONNECT
PREPARE
Resource Overview
Programs for Educators
plus image
Webinars
Live PD Programs
Online Courses
Webinar Recordings
Advanced Learning Programs
Continuing Education Credits

Where to Begin
Students' Toughest Questions
Video Toolbox
US State Legislation Map
Articles & Essays
TEACH
Resource Overview
Pedagogical Principles
Unit & Lesson Plans
plus image
I: Studying the Holocaust
II: Antisemitism
III: Nazi Germany
IV: The Ghettos
V: The “Final Solution”
VI: Liberation
VII: Jewish Resistance
VIII: Rescue and Righteous Among the Nations
IX: Complicity and Responsibility
X: Justice, Life, and Memory After the Holocaust
XI: Gringlas Unit on Antisemitism after the Holocaust
XII: Teaching About Genocide
Upper Elementary Guidlines
Timeline of the Holocaust
Map of Jewish Populations
Digital Student Activities
Podcast Series
Glossary
Classroom Poster Series
CONNECT
Resource Overview
Our Team
FAQs
Blog
plus image
Antisemitism [9]
Bystanders [4]
Classroom Lessons [15]
Current Events [26]
Holocaust Denial [2]
Holocaust Education [40]
Holocaust Remembrance [18]
Legislative Info [1]
Literature [11]
Rescuers [2]
Resistance [4]
Survivors [13]
Teaching [35]
Uncategorized [6]

Archive  plus image

 2026

 2025

 2024

 2023

 2022

 2021

 2020

 2019

 2018

 2017

 2016

 2015

 2014



Privacy Policy
Content Use Guidelines
×
Echoes & Reflections’ new interactive Timeline of the Holocaust online experience is currently only available for desktop users. A mobile-friendly version is coming soon.
In the meantime, we encourage you to come back later when you have a larger screen. Additionally, you may view the original Echoes & Reflections timeline on your mobile or tablet device by closing this pop-up window.
Skip to content
Echoes and Reflections logo desktop
Echoes and Reflections logo mobile
language iconlanguage arrow
english check mark English
spanish check mark Spanish
  • Our Approach
  • About
  • Prepare
  • Teach
  • Partner with Us
  • Connect
  • Search
ASSET RESOURCE GUIDE
"
UNIT LESSON TYPE OF RESOURCE TITLE OF RESOURCE
I. Studying the Holocaust Building a Foundation for Studying the Holocaust Handouts Holocaust Definitions
Holocaust Definitions: Sorting it Out
Genocide
IWitness
Activity
What Was the Holocaust?
Prewar Jewish Life Handouts Profiles of Teenagers in Prewar Europe
About Jews and Judaism
Reflections on Teenagers in Prewar Europe
Epilogues
A Picture of Jewish Life in Europe Before WWII
Maps Jewish Communities in Europe Before the Nazis Rise to Power
IWitness Activity What was Jewish life like before the Holocaust?
II. Antisemitism Antisemitism Before the Holocaust Handouts Defining Stereotypes
Definition of Antisemitism
Summary of Antisemitism
Timeline of Antisemitism
IWitness Activity What is Antisemitism?
Nazi Antisemitic Ideology and
Propaganda
Handouts How are Ideology and Propaganda Related?
Jewish Communities Map Analysis
Nazi Ideology
Summary of Antisemitism
Nazi Propaganda Examples
Nazi Propaganda Analysis
Maps Jewish Communities in Europe Before the Nazis Rise to Power
IWitness Activity How Did Propaganda Fuel the Holocaust?
III. Nazi Germany The Weimar Republic and Rise of the Nazi Party Handouts What Rights are Most Important to Me?
Evaluating Rights T-chart
The Weimar Republic and the Rise of the Nazi Party
The Weimar Republic and the Rise of the Nazi Party Graphic Organizer
Maps Europe Before 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles
Europe After 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles
IWitness Activity Democracy Crumbled? Why Was German Society Vulnerable to the Rise of Nazism?
Anti-Jewish Policy in 1930s Germany Handouts Nazi Germany and Anti-Jewish Policy
Anti-Jewish Signs in Germany
Examples of Anti-Jewish Policy in Nazi Germany, 1933-1938
Hitlerjugend
Concentration Camps
Hitler’s Reichstag Speech
The Kristallnacht Pogrom – “Night of Broken Glass” Handouts See-Think-Wonder
The Kristallnacht Pogrom
Heydrich’s Instructions, November 1938
III. Nazi Germany (continued) The Kristallnacht Pogrom – “Night of Broken Glass” (continued) Handouts Letter by Margarete Drexler to the Gestapo
Description of the Riot in Dinslaken
Document Analysis
Images Frankfurt, Germany, Burning of the Boemestrasse Synagogue, Kristallnacht¸ November 1938
Magdeburg, Germany, November 10, 1938
Siegen, Germany, November 10, 1938
IWitness Activity Info Quest: Kurt Messerschmidt
Info Quest: Kristallnacht
A Model for the Escalation of Hate Handouts Pyramid of Hate
Understanding Terms in the Pyramid of Hate
Nazi Germany and Anti-Jewish Policy
They Came For
IWitness Activity How Does Hate Escalate? An Examination of the Past & Present
IV. The Ghettos Establishment of the Ghettos and the Jewish Response Handouts See-Think-Wonder
The Ghettos
Diary Entry from the Lodz Ghetto
Images Jews Crossing the Bridge in the Lodz Ghetto
Lodz Ghetto, 1941
IWitness Activity Info Quest: Ellis Lewin
Maps Ghettos in Europe
Role of the Ghettos – The Lodz Ghetto as a Case Study Handouts The Lodz Ghetto
Excerpts from the Diary of Dawid Sierakowiak
Poem by an Unknown Girl
Poem by Avraham Koplowicz
IWitness Activity What was life like in the Łódź Ghetto?
Making Connections Handouts Monopoly Game
The Butterfly
V. The “Final Solution” How the “Final Solution” was Made Possible and Implemented Handouts How Should We Study the Final Solution?
The One
Excerpt from Night
The “Final Solution”
See-Think-Wonder
IWitness Activity What was Auschwitz-Birkenau?
Images Auschwitz Album
IWitness Activity Einsatzgruppen: The Firing Squads of the Holocaust
Maps Major Nazi Camps in Europe, 1944
Spiritual Resistance: Attempting to Preserve Humanity in the Face of Inhumanity Handouts Interview with Franz Stangl
Excerpt from Survival in Auschwitz
Poems from a Camp Survivor
Life in the Shadow of Death
Excerpt from Man’s Search for Meaning
Images Appell, 1944
IWitness Activity Found Poetry: A Language Arts Lesson
Making Connections Handouts Pyramid of Hate
VI. Liberation Liberation of the Nazi Camps Handouts Liberator Reflections
Letter from Eisenhower to Marshall, April 15, 1945
Testimony Reflections
IWitness Activity How Did Liberation Impact the Liberators?
IWitness Activity Info Quest: Howard Cwick
Holocaust Survivors Return to Life Handouts Haim Kuznitsky after Liberation
Artifact Analysis
Artifacts Related to Liberation
First Letters After Liberation
Survivors’ Return to Life
My Life Started from the End
Children Alone
IWitness Activity New Beginnings – Journey to America
Displaced Persons’ Camps After the Holocaust Handouts Displaced Persons
Displaced Persons’ Camp Images
DP Camp Images – Explanation
IWitness Activity Understanding Displaced Persons’ Camps
VII. Jewish Resistance What is Resistance? Handouts Testimony Reflections
Jewish Resistance
Pronouncement by Abba Kovner
Cultural and Spiritual Resistance
IWitness Activity How did Jews resist?
Case Study – Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto Handouts The Warsaw Ghetto
Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto
Armed Resistance in the Ghettos and Camps
Warsaw Ghetto Stations
Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto
A Chain of Resistance
Independent Research on Resistance Handouts Artifacts of Resistance
Research Topics and Sources
Artifact Reflection
VIII. Rescue and Righteous Among the Nations The Decision to Rescue Handouts Case Studies of Rescuers and Liberators
Those Who Dared to Rescue
Anne Frank’s Legacy
The Girl in the Green Sweater
IWitness Activity Oskar Schindler: A Flawed Hero
Groups that Rescued Handouts We Share the Same Sky Excerpts
Quotes: Danish Rescue and Resistance1
Rescue in Denmark
Background: Kindertransport
Lord Baldwin’s Appeal, Great Britain, 1938
Letter to the Editor, Arizona Republic, 1939
Postcards from a Father
Letters from a Mother
IWitness Activity The Kindertransport: History and Individual Experiences (Grades 6-8)
Kindertransport: “From the mother who will never forget you” (Grades 9-10)
Podcast We Share the Same Sky
IWitness Activity Why Did Some Choose Rescue?
Righteous Among the Nations Handouts Yad Vashem Criteria for “Righteous Among the Nations”
Budapest: Historical Background
A Swedish Rescuer in Budapest
IWitness Activity Righteous Among the Nations
Making Connections Handouts Holocaust 1944
When It Happened
IX. Complicity and Responsibility Bystanders Handouts Testimony Reflections
Excerpts from Ponary
Bystanders in Photos
Photographic Case Study Graphic Organizer
Collaborators and Perpetrators Handouts Report by Salitter and Memoir of Hilde Sherman
Salitter and Sherman Graphic Organizer
Testimony Reflections
Profiting from Hatred
Letters from Karl Kretschmer to His Family
The Role of the US and Responsibility of Nations Handouts The Otto Frank Letter
The Refugee
Evian Conference
Bermuda Conference
Refugee Blues
IWitness Activity Voyage of the St. Louis: From Hope to Despair
What Did Americans Know About the Holocaust?
Making Connections Handouts A Night at the Garden
X. Justice, Life and Memory After the Holocaust War Crimes Trials Handouts War Crimes Trials
Testimony Reflections
Rudolf Hoess
Draft of a Reparations Agreement
Living with the Memory of the Holocaust Handouts Adolf Eichmann
Understanding Trauma
Artwork of Holocaust Survivors
See-Think-Wonder
Studies of Human Behavior Inspired by the Holocaust
IWitness Activity The Rights of Children
The Memorialization of the Holocaust Handouts Holocaust Memorials in Europe
IWitness Activity Why Do We remember?
Making Connections Handouts Farewell Letters
XI. Gringlas Unit on Antisemitism After the Holocaust Rebuilding Jewish Life after the Holocaust Handouts Who are the Jewish People?
Brief History of Israel
About Jews and Judaism
Jewish Migration and Antisemitism after the Holocaust
The Perseverance of Jewish Life
Readings about Eastern Europe
Readings about Israel
Readings about USA
Maps Map of Jewish Populations
XI. Gringlas Unit on Antisemitism After the Holocaust
(continued)
What is Antisemitism and What are Features of Antisemitism Today? Handouts Antisemitism
Features of Antisemitism
The Through Lines of Antisemitism
Antisemitism Over Time
Antisemitic Words and Images
What are Some of the Forces that Drive Antisemitism Today? Handouts Tree of Life Synagogue Attack Word Cloud
The History of White Supremacist Groups in America
Brief History of Israel
The Through Lines of Antisemitism
Antisemitism That Finds Common Cause With the Extreme Left
Modern Examples of Antisemitism That Find Common Cause with the Extreme Left
Holocaust Denial, Distortion, Trivialization and Inversion
Action and Agency – Combating Antisemitism Handouts Miep Gies Quotes
Profiles of Young Advocates
Action Planning
Taking Action: Scenarios for Discussion
Group Action Project
Making Connections Handouts The Scope and Scale of Antisemitism
XII. Teaching About Genocide What is the Crime of Genocide? Handouts Learn and Confirm Chart
Axis Rule in Occupied Europe
Genocide
Armenia
Holocaust
Cambodia
Rwanda
When Evil-Doing Comes Like Falling Rain
IWitness Activity Dimensions in Testimony – Ben Ferencz
What is Genocide?
What do Genocides Destroy? Handouts Life Before Genocide Graphic Organizer
Life Before Genocide
Testimony Reflections
Yellow, 1962-2006
How do Genocides Destroy? Handouts Dangerous Policies of Genocidal Regimes
Testimony Reflections
Photographic Case Study Graphic Organizer
The Conflagration in Photos
Humanity in Artifacts
Artifact Reflection
IWitness Activity Using Media Literacy Skills to Examine the Holocaust
Aftermath Handouts Memorials and Museums of Genocide
Memorials and Museums of Genocide
Making Connections Handouts Official Government Correspondences
facebook icon instagram icon linkedin icon youtube icon


  • adl link
  • sfi link
  • yad vashem link
Contact us ● Privacy policy
Echoes & Reflections Staging site is a trademark of the Echoes & Reflections Partnership.
© 2005-2026 All rights reserved.